General

A very common infection that causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which is caused by a group of viruses called norovirus. Usually, people experience symptoms similar to the stomach flu, but they have a different cause. Moreover, this is a very contagious virus that easily spreads through close contact, contaminated food, or surfaces. In other words, […]

A group of wounds and conditions caused by Mycobacterium bacteria is called nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections. The exceptions are bacteria that cause tuberculosis and leprosy (Hansen’s disease). NTM infections often affect the lungs, skin, bones, lymph nodes, and other organs in the body. One of the most common causes of these infections is M. avium […]

This is a health condition in which children and adults are not able to completely empty their bladder. It is called non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction, and it may also cause urine leakage and sudden urges to urinate. Moreover, potty-trained children may wet their pants during the day. Usually, it is treated with medicines and pelvic floor […]

A sexually transmitted infection (STI) that occurs due to certain bacteria and viruses, but can also be caused by urethral trauma, is called nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). The most common symptoms include itchiness, irritation, discharge, and pain during urination. If you are diagnosed with this condition, it is recommended to inform all your sexual partners because […]

A long-term (chronic) pain that feels like angina, but it is not, is called noncardiac chest pain (NCCP). While angina is caused by heart problems, noncardiac chest pain may be related to the esophagus (the tube that carries food and drinks from the mouth to the stomach). Usually, people experience this condition due to GERD […]

This condition occurs after exposure to harmful and loud noise. It is called noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and it can be temporary or permanent. In general, you can take some steps to reduce the risk or even prevent NIHL by wearing ear protection when necessary. In other words, this condition occurs when loud noises cause […]

A type of skin cancer that often appears on the skin and looks like a blood blister is called nodular melanoma. It is a firm, raised, and discolored growth on the skin that is often caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. However, nodular melanoma may also occur due to other causes. Furthermore, nodular melanoma […]

A health condition in which a person wakes up in fear during the night is called a nocturnal panic attack. When it occurs, you may experience breathing problems and have fast heartbeats. Usually, people with panic attacks or panic disorders are more prone to nocturnal panic attacks. In most cases, doctors recommend CBT (cognitive behavioral […]

A condition that causes you to wake up more than once during nighttime to urinate is called nocturia. Possible causes may include drinking too much fluid before bedtime, sleep disorders, and bladder obstruction. Doctors often recommend restricting fluids and medicines to reduce symptoms of an overactive bladder. Sometimes, this condition is called nocturnal urinary frequency. […]

An infection caused by Nocardia bacterium is called nocardiosis. It often enters the body through cracks or cut skin or through air droplets. Sometimes, it may spread to other parts of the body, and it often causes the following symptoms. For example, shortness of breath (dyspnea), chest pain, skin ulcers, cough, and others. The risk […]