General

An inflammation of the colon that is linked with the overgrowth of bacteria called Clostridioides difficile (previously called Clostridium difficile) or C. diff is called pseudomembranous colitis. Sometimes, this condition is called antibiotic-associated colitis or C. difficile colitis. In most cases, overgrowth of this bacteria occurs after staying in a hospital or taking antibiotics. Usually, […]

A ballooning or bulge in a brain’s blood vessel is called a brain aneurysm. Sometimes, the condition is called cerebral aneurysm or intracranial aneurysm. In most cases, an aneurysm looks like a berry that hangs on a stem. Aneurysms may break and cause bleeding between the brain and its coverings. In such cases, the disease […]

A condition in which recurrent breathing stops happen during sleep is called central sleep apnea. The primary cause of this condition is the brain that does not send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing. It is important to know that this sleep apnea type is different from obstructive sleep apnea. The second type […]

A group of irregular small blood vessels with thin walls that are located in the spinal cord or brain is called cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). These blood vessels look like small mulberries and they can cause blood leakage in the spinal cord or brain. Generally, CCMs are different in their size, but in most cases, […]

The fluid that surrounds and protects the spinal cord and brain from injuries is called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Normally, people have three layers that surround the brain and spinal cord. CSF leak happens usually when there is a hole or tear in the outermost layer. The fluid begins to leak when the outer layer has […]

An inflammatory and infectious condition that occurs due to Trypanosoma cruzi parasite is called Chagas disease. Usually, this parasite is found in the feces of triatomine bugs (also known as “kissing bugs”). This condition is mostly diagnosed where the triatomine bug primarily lives. These include South and Central America and Mexico. However, there are a […]

A group of inherited conditions that cause nerve damage (mostly in the arms and legs) is called Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. The nerves in the arms and legs are called peripheral nerves. Sometimes, this condition is called hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. This disease causes muscle weakness, loss of sensation and muscle contractions, and walking problems. […]

A disease in which brain tissue extends to the spinal cord is called Chiari malformation. It usually happens when a skull part is misshapen or is smaller than usual. Thus, the skull puts pressure on the brain and forces it downward. While this is a rare condition, people tend to use imaging tests, which leads […]

Intentional mistreatment or harm to a child who is younger than 18 years is considered child abuse. However, it may happen in multiple ways that usually occur at the same time. For example: Physical abuse – It happens when a child is physically injured or put at risk of harm by other persons. Sexual abuse […]

A rare speech disorder that causes problems with controlling the lips, jaw, and tongue when speaking is called childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). In people with this condition, the brain cannot plan for speech movement. In other words, the brain is not able to direct the movements needed for speech. As a result, the muscles […]